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  • Membetuk Generasi yang memiliki karakter Spiritual (Agamis), Mandiri & berprestasi, Adaptif terhadap teknologi, Ramah anak, dan Tanggap terhadap lingkungan.
20 Januari 2025

PARTENOGENESIS DAN NABI ISA A.S.

Sen, 20 Januari 2025 Dibaca 1143x

by Mulki Pandji Dinihari, M.Pd

Reproduksi adalah proses biologi di mana semua organisme menghasilkan lebih banyak jenis dari mereka sendiri. Hal ini guna memindahkan materi genetik dari induk kepada anaknya. Di samping itu, reproduksi dibutuhkan lantaran menjamin kelangsungan spesiesnya dari generasi ke generasi. Tanpa reproduksi, semua kehidupan di bumi akan menjadi punah.

Reproduksi terbagi menjadi dua, yakni reproduksi seksual dan reproduksi aseksual. Untuk reproduksi aseksual memiliki beberapa metode, salah satunya partenogenesis atau virgin birth. Metode partenogenesis ini bisa ditemukan pada komodo betina, ular betina, dan hiu betina yang diisolasi di kebun binatang namun tetap bisa menghasilkan keturunan tanpa bertemu pejantan.

Partenogenesis adalah metode reproduksi tanpa adanya pembuahan atau tanpa adanya perkawinan jantan dan betina. Reproduksi menggunakan metode ini tidak memerlukan adanya pejantan yang melakukan pembuahan pada betina. Jika disimpulkan, partenogenesis ini memungkinkan betina untuk menghasilkan keturunan tanpa perlu melakukan perkawinan dengan pejantan. Partenogenesis sering terjadi pada beberapa jenis serangga seperti lebah, kutu daun, tawon, semut, jangkrik, salamander, hiu, ular, kadal besar, komodo, dan hewan amfibi lainnya.

Namun, dalam konteks manusia, konsep partenogenesis masih menjadi misteri ilmiah yang belum terpecahkan, dan mungkin para ilmuwan akan terus berusaha mengungkapnya. Di samping partenogenesis, terdapat kisah kontroversial dalam Al-Qur’an dan Alkitab mengenai kelahiran Nabi Isa oleh Maryam tanpa sentuhan laki-laki, yang menambah dimensi spiritual dalam perdebatan kisah ini.

Dari sudut pandang ilmiah, reproduksi manusia biasa memerlukan kontribusi kromosom Y pada sperma untuk menghasilkan anak laki-laki. Secara alamiah, wanita tidak memiliki kromosom Y. Sedangkan Siti Maryam binti Imran mengandung dan melahirkan Nabi Isa a.s. tanpa dibuahi oleh spermatozoa laki-laki. Sebagaimana diriwayatkan dalam Al-Qur’an surat Maryam ayat 16 sampai 31, khususnya ayat ke-20, yang berbunyi:

Artinya: “Dia (Maryam) berkata, “Bagaimana (mungkin) aku mempunyai anak laki-laki, padahal tidak pernah ada seorang (laki-laki) pun yang menyentuhku dan aku bukan seorang pelacur?” (QS. Maryam: 20).

Pengecualian partenogenesis pada Nabi Isa a.s. ini merupakan petunjuk kebesaran Allah SWT yang lain, setelah Allah SWT menciptakan Nabi Adam a.s. tanpa ayah dan ibu, serta Siti Hawa yang Allah SWT ciptakan dari tulang rusuk Nabi Adam a.s. juga tanpa ayah dan ibu. (Tentang ini akan dibahas pada edisi berikutnya.)

Allah SWT hanya mengizinkan partenogenesis berlangsung pada hewan-hewan tertentu saja seperti tawon, semut, lebah, jangkrik, salamander, hiu, ular, kadal besar, komodo, dan hewan amfibi serta tumbuhan berbunga. Maksudnya adalah agar populasi hewan-hewan tersebut tetap banyak sehingga tetap berperan dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem, terutama dalam proses makan-dimakan dan decomposer (penguraian).

Tidak terbayang oleh kita semua apabila kekuasaan Allah SWT berupa partenogenesis ini Allah SWT izinkan berlaku pada manusia sekarang. Angka perkawinan pasti akan menurun drastis karena para wanita sudah pada hamil duluan sebelum menikah. Anak-anak tanpa ayah biologis akan bertebaran di mana-mana. Tatanan sosial manusia tidak akan senyaman sekarang.

Untuk itulah, kita memandang partenogenesis pada Nabi Isa a.s. dan pada hewan-hewan yang Allah SWT izinkan hanyalah sebagai kekuasaan dan kebesaran Allah SWT, sama seperti kekaguman kita pada penciptaan langit dan bumi. Tidak perlu juga memandang sebagai mukjizat apalagi menuhankan Nabi Isa a.s. Naudzubillah. Wallahu a’lam.

(Diambil dari beberapa sumber)

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